Business Culture in UAE Essay - 2750 Words

Business Culture in UAE (Essay Sample) Content: The Business Culture In The UAE.Name:Subject:Course:Date of Submission:Introduction.The sophisticated state of the business culture in the Middle East is a debatable subject. For one to understand the nature of the business culture in the middle east, he/she has to know the states found in the Middle East. That said, the countries found in the Middle East include, The United Arab Emirates, Yemen, Lebanon, Turkey, and Kuwait among others. The region has various dialects such as Persian, English and Arabic. Though English is widely used in the region, one has to note that Arabic is the main language in the Middle East (Arabianbusinessetiquette.com , 2013). The region has an ethnic and cultural mosaic of racial and linguistic diversity. Each nation has a distinct culture and identity. Nonetheless, the countries have similar traditions and fundamental beliefs. Apparently, understanding the business culture of the region is imperative for any entrepreneur who is targeting The Middle East for any investment. What is the meaning of business culture? Business culture could be elucidated as the model or style of business operations in a given region or a given company. That said, this work describes the business culture in the UAE, how the country has a unique business culture then compares the business culture to nearby nations.The UAEThe United Arab Emirates is experiencing rapid economic growth. It is a new State with seven minor Gulf states. Each of these states has their own exceptional history and identity. It has an exceptional blend of people and customs. The UAE mainly centered on maritime opportunities such as pearling and fishing before oil was discovered in the 20th century (Buttler, 2012). The discovery of oil bulldozed her economy to one of the richest nations in the Middle East. The country also has large numbers of foreign expatriates, which makes it the most socially liberal nations in the region. The brief history of UAE given above ca n help one understand the business culture of the UAE.Values And Concepts That Dictate The Business Culture.There are a number of values and concepts that dictate the business culture in the UAE. To begin with, the Islamic culture has an enormous influence on the business culture in the country. It is a religion identified by its approval of the creed of compliance to God and to Muhammad as the last and chief prophet of God (Chamberlain, 2012). The Islamic religion has played an influential role in molding the business culture of the UAE. In fact, appreciating the role played by Islam in the Emirati business culture is a crucial step for one to conduct a successful business in The UAE. This owes to the fact that Islam is the formal religion and that it also pervades almost every characteristic of the UAE life (Dew, 2003). The education system, clothing traditions, feeding habits, laws, conversations, and even daily routines are influenced by the Islamic religion. Their faith emphasi zes on certain behavior such as modesty, respect and generosity. As a result, most Emiratis will display these traits in their meetings. Evidently, it is important for one to understand the key elements of the Islamic religion before he/she decides to invest in the UAE.Another value that influences UAEà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s business culture is the family. Close tribal connections and family lay the foundations for the social structure in the UAE. Tribes and families have a very influential role in shaping the values of the Emiratis (Europe Emirates Group, 2012). In fact, tribes and family support their members both emotionally and financially. As a result, the family is a priority in doing business. Loyalty between tribal and family members is extended into business. It follows that most companies and organizations are run by close family members. Consequently, any foreigner should expect to attend business meetings dominated by close family members (Explorer Publishing, 2006).Another value t hat has an influence on the Emiratià ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s business culture is hospitality. It is a vital value of the Emirati culture, and it is used in both professional and social contexts. Visitors are always received with generosity. Business meetings are always served with custom Arabic pastries and coffee. One has to note that sharing coffee is an essential social habit that signifies the presence of a possible bond. Consequently, a foreigner should accept coffee when he/she is offered a cup (International Monetary Fund, 2008). It is an Emirati culture to take coffee in the right hand; thus, foreigners are also advised to take coffee in their right hands. There are two ways of signifying to the waiter that one has had enough coffee. One can tip his/her coffee cup from side to side. He/she can also leave a small amount of coffee in the cup.Working Drills in The UAEThe working practices of a given nation also make up the business culture of the nation in question. Consequently, it is im portant to discuss the working drills in the UAE. To begin with, the working days in The UAE are different from the working days in other nations. In The UAE, employees are expected to start working on Saturday and stop working by Wednesday evening. Evidently, Thursday and Fridays are the days of rest in the UAE (Gorgenlander, 2012). Nonetheless, some individuals prefer to work on Thursday and rest on Fridays and Saturdays. The traditional working hours are known to be from 0900-1300 hours and 1630-2000 hours. However, work often goes beyond the intended time due to the boom in the construction industry. Lastly, the dates for UAE schedules are detailed in both the Hjirah date and the Gregorian date.Business meetings in the UAE are planned in advance with additional time assigned to give room for extended or late meetings. It is common for meetings to be cancelled at the last moment. Consequently, one should be prepared by being flexible and carrying a business card or a letter. T his is meant to inform the Emirati partners that you were prepared for the meeting before it was cancelled. In addition, the response to time in the UAE is different from other cultures. The Emiratis tends to be more relaxed than other cultures when it comes to time. To them, relationships and people are more important than punctuality and schedules. Therefore, it is common for Emiratis to arrive late for meetings. However, foreigners are expected to be punctual for meetings. To sum up, the Emiratis are relatively modernized when compares to other nations in the Middle East. Consequently, their business practices and traditional beliefs are evolving to resemble the western culture. Nonetheless, it is imperative to learn and respect the existing disparities.Hierarchy and Structure of Emirati Companies.Emirati companies display solid vertical hierarchies. Many companies are owned by influential individuals who make all the decisions in the company. One must note hat the person who as ks most questions and talks a lot in an Emirati meeting is often less respected. The silent person who talks toward the end of a meeting is usually the most powerful individual in a business (Martin, 2008). This individual must be treated with deference and respect, especially if the investor hopes to build a successful business relationship. Family connections, age, and money are very vital elements that determine an individualà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s status. The background and financial stability of an individual are usually more important than his achievements. As a result, it is common to work with members of one family in an organization. In addition, status is a vital element in the Emirati business culture. Consequently, Emiratis should be recognized by their individual titles. For instance, an engineer could be identified as Mohandas, a chief as Shaikh, and a professor as Ustadh (Miller, 2011). It is advisable to undertake a prior research of the individualà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s tittles before a ny introduction.Ultimately, one should reach out to the eldest person when meeting a group. Usually the oldest person is the most senior individual in a group. Nonetheless, there are instances where academic qualifications could make younger people respectable. There are also cases where a less senior person steps in to make decisions affecting the company. As a result, one should strive to identify appropriate titles and status for the Emirati counterparts.Working Rapport in The UAE.The Emiratis prefer to do business individually. Thus, Mutual trust and rapport are vital for any fruitful business association. Evidently, such an association can only be developed via a face to face interaction. It follows that it is crucial for an investor to develop a solid relationship from the first meeting. This can be achieved by spending time with the Emirati business counterparts and planning for future meetings to cultivate the relationship further. It is also necessary to develop connection s with a UAE local who can introduce you to his partners before moving into the country (Tripp Tripp, 2002). This owes to the fact that Emiratis prefer to do business with familiar faces. Ultimately, one should pin the fact that Emiratis prioritize friends and family. Consequently, it is common for the UAEà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s to cancel or reschedule meetings in order to accommodate their individual wishes.Another important aspect of building a working rapport in The UAE is the conversation. It is common for Emiratis to talk about their families' health. Nonetheless, it is considered rude to ask about an Emiratià ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s daughter or spouse.Business Drills in The UAEThe conventional greeting in The UAE is "As-Salm alaikum," which is responded to by saying "WA alaikum as-Salam." When getting into a meeting introductions will start by shaking hands. It is common for Emiratis to maintain a close personal space between men. Conse...

Culture Repression And Assimulation - 2042 Words

Culture: Repression and Assimulation Ashley Fenn Even though African-Americans have equality as far as the law is concerned we have yet to be treated as equally as our white counterparts, African-American people have a loss of their own culture and are a repressed group because Blacks have less sense of who we are because it was stripped from our ancestorswhen the first slave ships set sail to America. – Ashley Fenn During the 17th and 18th century’s slavery was the law in all 13 colonies in the North and South alike, the importation of slaves was provided for in the U.S. Constitution, and continued to take place on a large scale even after it was made illegal in 1808. Over the course†¦show more content†¦Over 10 million died as direct consequences of the Atlantic slave trade alone. But no one knows the exact number: Many died in transport, others died from diseases or indirectly from the social trauma left behind in Africa. Not only was Transatlantic Slavery of demographic significance, in the aggregate population losses but also in the profound changes to settlement patterns, epidemiological exposure and reproductive and social development potential. The attack on African history manifests in blame reassignment, normalizing (everyone had slavery), and statistical downsizing. In terms of how this had affected the cultural stand point, Africans became Black or Negro once enslaved . This was the first indentity cloth to be stripped from enslaved Africans in America, this process was critical in disconnecting any notion of having a Motherland. This worked wonders for the masters, because this skillful tactic engrained a fear of loss and abandonment to slaves. They no longer had a sense of pride and strength, so now mentally the slaves would have no other option but to obey. African family traditions, which varied according to national origin and religion, could not be replicated in the New World after Africans were forced into slavery. The slave trade was responsible for breaking up African families. Husbands, wives and children could

Social and Economic Decline in the Western Roman Empire Essay

By the fourth century, the Roman Empire had developed exponentially with significant growth in cultural, social, and political activity. Leading up to the Battle of Adrianople of 378 AD, the Empire suffered significant division and its once uniform body began to splinter. After multiple attempts to unify the empire, the East and the West grew increasingly independent. The battle proved a critical turning point in the prominence of the West significantly foreshadowing its future. While the declining reputation of Rome was apparent long before the battle itself, it was clear that the Roman defeat at Adrianople significantly contributed to the Western Empire’s gradual disintegration as the dominance of the East thrived. Nearing the fourth†¦show more content†¦As the two mingled, conflict arose and the Goths revolted. The conflict grew and the forces met at Adrianople. The Roman army numbered 30,000 as the Germanic tribes numbered nearly 60,000 (Barbarians). The Western emperor, Valens, acted in haste attacking the Goths head on using little strategy. The Romans ill-prepared army was defeated, losing two thirds of its men and even its emperor. The Roman loss at Adrianople proved very significant to the decline of the Western Empire. Being such a powerful empire, the inconsistency of leadership left the social and economic order in a state of jeopardy. â€Å"†¦in the course of fifty years some twenty-three emperors succeeded to the imperial throne† and with so many emperors, there was little sincere leadership for the success of the Empire (Barbarians 5). As Valens rose to power, he quickly became unpopular in the eyes of the people. Going into the battle, he held a firm desire for swift victory on the apparent weak opponent, and hastily sent his army with inadequate equipment â€Å"because of reductions in available funds for military spending† (History). The insufficient training of the army was also a predominant reason for their loss in the battle. With the economic conditions of the Empire in gradual decline, Valens did not provide his army with the necessary equipment and instruction to be victoriou s in the Battle of Adrianople, eventually resulting in a dreadfulShow MoreRelatedThe Fall Of The Roman Empire1419 Words   |  6 PagesThe Roman Empire was a powerful governing body of extensive political and social structures throughout western civilization. How did this empire fall and were internal factories responsible? Slow occurrences in succession to one another led to the fall of the empire rather than one single event. The fall of the Roman Empire was a combination of both internal and external pressures, not just one, leading up to the complete decay of the cities—Rome and Constantinople. 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Many factors led to the fall of the Roman Empire, from inflation to its poor leaders and generals, but it wasn’t just one thing that caused the entire empire to fall it was a series of events that caused this juggernaut of an empire to meet its sad demise. The fall all began in 235 when the Roman throne was able to be taken by any general who had the military power to seize it. This caused many military

Outliers Essay - 909 Words

Outlier Essay: Martin Luther King Jr. An outlier is a person or thing situated away or detached from the main body or system. In other words, an outlier is somebody who goes out of his or her way and does something extraordinary in order to accomplish their goal. Martin Luther King Jr. is a true example of an outlier. In the early 1900s, segregation was strongly recognized in the United States, until Martin Luther King Jr. stood up for what he believed in and made a change. Although he made a difference to the United States, he was assassinated in the making of this process. This assassination is an example to why Martin Luther King Jr. is considered to be an outlier. The novel Outliers by Malcolm Gladwell is a detailed explanation†¦show more content†¦The law came seven months after Martin Luther King launched a Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) campaign created in Selma, Alabama, with the goal of forcing Congress to pass this legislation. Not only did Martin Luther King Jr. accomplish the right o f blacks to vote, but he achieved the goal of less segregation in the United States. By leading the SCLC, he changed the point of view of Congress towards voting and segregation. In order to do this, he had to go out of his way to arrange meetings and conferences. The Outlier talks about the 10,000-hour rule, which means that if you are determined to be successful, you need to have 10,000 hours of practice no matter what it may be. The past events that included Martin Luther King Jr. add up to be at least 10,000 hours of â€Å"practice† or in his case, devotion, concerning the end of segregation and the start of equality. These past events clearly meet the qualifications of Gladwell’s definition to being an outlier; Martin Luther King Jr. truly made a change in people’s lives and made substantial history. In addition to the previous events, the â€Å"I Have a Dream† speech in 1963 took place. 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A Big Data Is Fast Becoming A Ubiquitous Term - 1668 Words

Computer Sciences TITLE A Big Data is fast becoming a ubiquitous term in the world of computers – but what does it actually mean? Explain the fundamental principles of Big Data and discuss the impact it is having, and may continue to have, on modern computing. What challenges does the model bring and in what ways can these be resolved? People may do not know what is big data but the value created by big data should be used in every corn of the world. In the United States, the CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) got information through doctors inform new diseases. But because when people feel little uncomfortable they will not go to the doctor, may only search on google about which symptom is belong to and which medicine should take. So in 2009 before the H1N1 virus made headlines, google engineers already have prediction about which states may have higher infection. This is before CDC few weeks. [1] Strikingly, this case illustrate the importance of analysis data could help society become better. Data can bring many benefit for human, in the CDC case, google help the US government got earlier preparation to prevent big disease. To be more specific, Data can speak, no trick just display everything there. What is data? Data are any facts, numbers, words, text, measurements, observations that can be processed by a computer. [2] Basically human produced data. Nearly everyone has a mobile phone and laptop in hand, many office or classroom have computer and aShow MoreRelatedCollaborative Big Data Analytics And Visualization2754 Words   |  12 PagesCOLLABORATIVE BIG DATA ANALYTICS AND VISUALIZATION A LITERATURE REVIEW Abdulazeez Adejumo Department of Computer Systems Technology North Carolina Agricultural Technical State University aadejumo@aggies.ncat.edu MARCH 2015 Abstract This paper discusses collaboration using big data analytics and visualization. It tries to bring to fore the advantages of collaborative analysis using visualization tools. 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Adventures in Ecodesign of Electronic Products

Question: Discuss about the Adventures in Ecodesign of Electronic Products. Answer: Introduction: The company is a startup, and it is going to embark on the production of electronics for example televisions, mobile phones, computers, iPods, refrigerators, iron boxes and other accessories like chargers and earphones (Stevels, 2017). The company will produce products that are up to date and make sure they cover broad age group and that everybody can understand and use their products. The synthesizing of the idea was because the market lacked products that could blend with the culture and the lifestyle of the customers. The company aims at making the products simple and easy to use and also creating customer experience to ensure no one is left out in the advanced world. The products will be customized in such a way that even the potential clients of the age of 65 years can understand and use them with ease. Formulating of a possible marketing strategy instigates the company to earn itself profits, create customer awareness and increase its sales to be assured of growth and survival (McChesney, 2015).Through market research and development the management understands that should adapt marketing strategies that will make it command a larger market share. Information on the target audience segment analysis The market segment of the company will encompass various variables such as the behavior, psychographic, geographical and demographic factors. The market segment that the company will embark on will be the budget conscious customers (Leary, 2016). The customers are sensitive on how they spend their money, but at the same time, they want to get the value of their money back. Moreover, the company aims at providing goods for customers aged 18-65 years. The specified age group was arrived at because the company provides electronics that suit the lifestyle of the customers (Porcu et al. 2017) .The first class and the middle-class income earners will be the target of the company. The geographical area of marketing will be the locality of the company as the company will work on ways of improving its sales globally as it grows. The customers behavior will vary depending on their preferences, and their purchasing power will rely on the variation in prices. These clients are the time a verse that is they are well conversant with the latest trends in the market and lifestyle. Furthermore, the company must also keep in consideration their cultural beliefs (Jones, 2016).This segment consists of customers who expect quality products, assurance on the ongoing concern of the company and advancement on the existing products by introducing additional unique features. This market segment, therefore, is the most suitable one for the company as it constitutes the majority of the customers. The company will focus on the core purpose of the organization that is the maximization of the benefits. When the company uses the best marketing strategies like advertising its products, it will be able to attract more customers to buy the electronics hence making high returns (Katz, 2016). Also, the company should minimize its operating expenses through maximum utilization of the idle resources to maximize the profits. It will, therefore, set a given profit margin and focus on attaining it. Influence interests or customer attitude The customers are the most valuable assets of the company, and so it will concentrate on the satisfaction of their needs, wants, and expectations. Marketing of the company's products will enable the customers to know the unique features and the advantages of the products hence influencing them to buy. Also, it will instill a positive attitude of the customers towards the products as they will be familiar to them (Hair, 2014).The entity will produce high quality products to ensure that the customers get back the value of their money. It is a customer-centric company, and so it will always want to get the feedback from the customers and work on the disparities in the client needs and values on their products. The operations of the company should be efficient to enhance the achievement of the organization's objectives. The company should thus have competent employees with excellent marketing skills and experience in advertisement and public relations so that they can create broad awareness of the business's products and a good public image of the company (Blakeman, 2014).Consequently, this will lead to the growth of the market share as the products will be well known to the customers. Constant marketing of the companys products is very significant in developing the image of the product as it will incorporate the unique features of the products, how to use the products and the advantages of using those electronics. The company will focus on the advancement of the products by introducing products of different colors; change their appearance and rebranding to make them more appealing and attractive to the customers (Armstrong, 2014). the positive image will thus help the company gain a competitive edge over their competitors. Influencing purchase intentions The company has to take the customer's preferences into consideration hence produce products that suit them. The company can use attractive ways of marketing its products like the giving an offer package that comes along with the purchase of the product. Give the customers something of value that other companies producing the same products do not provide and they are not willing to offer for free for example purchase of a laptop coming along with a free laptop bag, acquisition of new mobile phone comes along with free data bundles and other electronics like refrigerators and television comes with 10 year warranty and free delivery services despite the location. An alternative style of advertising and justify communication objectives ethical issues Marketing through celebrities and public influencers In this technological world of today, social media has become a very addictive platform, and this serves it as an excellent platform to market the electronics and create awareness (Banerjee, Prioritizing Decisions alternatives For Social Media Planning, 2015). The majority of the public follow the celebrities on the social sites just to see their lifestyle. Using the stars as the brand ambassadors of the products will be a paramount strategy of marketing. The celebrities will be able to influence the customers through their social sites to use those products so that they keep up with what the celebrities use since the majority of people associate what celebrities use with class. Also, well-known bloggers and media pundits can be used as significant influencers. Advertising of the companys products through social media and any other available platforms should encompass honesty about the effectiveness of the outputs, the usage, the features, durability and the quality of the products (Ahuja, 2015).The things that are demonstrated during the advertisement of the products should be real facts. To gain the customers trust the company must also be honest in all its dealings. As the integrated marketing communication manager, you should use your professional skills to your best of knowledge to ensure the products of the company are marketed using the best strategies and be very competent in the market. Observe due care to make sure that you do everything within your capacity to help achieve the objectives of the company. The manager should ensure the company practices integrity by avoiding unethical practices like price discrimination whereby they sell other people the same product at different prices depending on their social class, race and maybe tribe. The manager must ensure the employees like people doing the promotion are accommodative to the customers. Integrity implicates treating all customers equally despite their differences and just doing the right things without supervision (Belch and Belch, 2016). The manager should ensure that they are very considerate when it comes to an advertisement to children by knowing the type of things that they can display to the kids. Sensitive information that can tarnish the values of the children should not be posted at inappropriate times. Also, scary things should not be involved in those adverts as they may interfere with the kid's psychology (Preston, 2016). Kids advert should be eye catching and attractive to influence their interests in such products for example advertisement entailing kids iPods that they can use for games should involve cartoon games that are colorful and interesting hence changing their interest in the products. The manager should ensure that the company uses television as a media strategy of advertising its products. It is a technologically advanced world, and so almost everyone owns a television nowadays, and they watch them for leisure. This thereby makes it the best platform for creative advertisement of the electronics as most people pay a lot of attention while watching televisions. Televisions can clearly demonstrate how the electronics work, show pictures of their features, show their package and also show the differentiating factors among the products like the available colors and available sizes with their prices (Chung, Park, and Hall- phillips, 2016).As the customers see how the products work and how they are used they regularly think of the need to have that particular product. It is a crucial medium for advertisement since it can relay the information about the products through sound, sight and even motion. Also, it is easy to reach the target customers by advertising the product at the right time for example advertisement of kids gadgets during the short breaks of cartoon programs and advertisement of raw products very late in the night after the kids have gone to sleep (Ortiz, Salazar, and Suing, 2017) .Consequently, it is the best medium of advertising as it covers a large number of customers suitable for a startup company like this of electronics as it relies on the repeated customers. Details on evaluation or to measure IMC plan effectiveness Assessment and measuring of the efficiency of an IMC program are very paramount to the management to access various roles of some of the communication strategies like an advertisement that it implied in the marketing of its products. It can be observed from two perspectives that are the company's outcome and the communication outcome. Continuous assessment of the performance of the integrated marketing plan is essential, and so it can be done periodically. The companys result is based on the valuation of the business's assets to determine the costs while communication outcome can be evaluated in different ways for example evaluation to determine if the brand awareness is achieved as an objective which will implicate a survey since brand awareness cannot be observed. It is then important to measure the effectiveness of communication by encompassing our arguments against the objectives of advertising. For that reason, the management has to ensure they create that impacting image on the customer's mind during advertisement so that they can remember that specific advertisement of their products showing how efficient, easy to use and their importance as they make purchases. It is also good to create that attractive ad that will always give the customers the urge to make a buy and experience the privileges that come along with owning those products (Thorson and Moore, 2013). Evaluation of performance is done periodically so that they can make corrections where necessary. Performance is first evaluated within the platform as the online campaign, then secondly measure across platforms. Another technique of measuring performance is quality and the impact of the advertisement to the customers through copy testing. Advertising tracking can also be used as another method of evaluation of return which involves showing off the visuals of the advert without showing the brand name to see if the customers recognize it or like it. The advanced technology has also facilitated eye tracking as an evaluation technique entailing the observation of movements of customers eyes, what catches their attention and where they lose interest in watching the advert. This then helps the management to evaluate which communication strategy is preferred by the customers. The management, therefore, has to be very keen on choosing the strategies that are practical and relevant to their marketing objectives. Bibliography Ahuja, R. (2015). Ethical Issues in marketing. Armstrong, G. (2014). Principles of Marketing. Australia: Pearson. Banerjee, S. (2015). Prioritizing Decisions alternatives For Social Media Planning. Indian Journal of Science and Technology, 8(4), 293-298. Belch,G and Belch ,M. (2016). Evaluating the effectiveness of elements of intergrated marleting communications. A review of research, 4(1). Blakeman, R. (2014). Intergrated marketing Communication. Rowman and Little field. Chung,T., Park ,J. and Hall- phillips,A. (2016). Whose the screen? Segmenting social venture consumers through social media usage. journal of retailing consumer services, 28, 288-295. Hair, J. (2014). Marketing Research. Australia: McGrawHill Education. Jones, T. (2016). Segment based Monitoring of omestic and international climbers at Mount Fuji targeted risk reduction strategies for existing and emerging visitor segment. Journal of outdoor recreation and tourism, 10-17. Katz, h. (2016). The media handbook: A complete guide to advertising media selection,planning,research and buying. Routledge. Leary, M. (2016). Introduction to behavioral Research Methods. Pearson. McChesney, R. (2015). Rich Media ,poor Democracy: Communication Politics in Dubious Times. New Press. Ortiz,z,C.,Salazar,G. and Suing ,A. (2017). Advertizing in the Prime time of the Ecuadorian Television. world conference on Information System and Technology, 30-37. Porcu,L.,del barrio-Garcia,S.,Kitchen,P. (2017). Measuring Intergrated marketing communication by taking a broad organizational approach. european journal of marketing, 51(3). Stevels, A. (2017). adventures in ecodesign of electronic Products. Design for sustainability program publication, 17. Thorson,E and Moore.,J. (2013). Intergrated Communication: synergy of persuasive voices. psychology press.

Organizations of Critical Issues in Business

Question: Discuss about the Organizations of Critical Issues in Business. Answer: Introduction Leadership is the key component in the organizations of modern competitive business world. Research has been conducted on the importance of leadership in organizations while maintaining the organizational change. On the contrary, organizational change is necessary for the growth of the company who are operating in a dynamic and complex business environment. Increase in the transformation of the organizational structure and business model are considered as the critical driver in the perspective of organizational success. However, leadership in this context acts as an enhancer in developing organizational change in a particular company (Choudhary et al. 2014). Globally all the business leaders have accepted the fact that appropriate form of leadership helps in development of organizational performance as well as organizational change. There is a relation between change management and leadership in the organizational success. The study discusses about different aspects of leadership in different organizations as well as various aspects of change management that result in organizational success. Leadership is the topic that is popular among all types of organizations (Lozano et al. 2013). The study will describe about the views of different authors regarding the role of leadership in different situations of organizational change and organizational success. Cynical view of the leaders and the owners of the organization have perceived the change that the transformation of the leadership and the operational procedures are proven to strengthen the organization pedagogy as well as personal ideology. However, global leaders also receive negative sentiments from the different groups of employees when they are following the path of organizational change (Dinh et al. 2014). Literature review on role of leadership in organizational change In this section, critical review of literature regarding the above-mentioned topic is being discussed with the view of different authors. According to Cameron and Green (2015), organizations excel while they adopt change as soon as possible. Teams of different organizational change must know the need of the organizational change. The role of the leaders in the companies must have a clear and clear crisp knowledge about the group dynamics and strengths of the teams. Communication will be initiated as per the nature of the groups regarding the needs of group dynamics. While determining the results of the organizational change, leadership plays a vital role in defining the group dynamics as well as the pros and cons of the group. As stated by Lozano et al. (2013), there are many sustainable development initiatives that are adopted by the universities while mitigating the gap between the skills of the students and the requirements of the companies. The authors focus in the gap specifically in formulating various strategies in the development of leadership among the students who are learning different subjects. The article focuses on the curricula of the universities that require changes while focusing on the requirements of the organizations. An institutional framework for new curricula has been formulated by collaborating with the companies and other academic experts. On the contrary, Vaccaro et al. (2013) pointed out that management innovation is the result of appropriate form of leadership. The pace of technological change and pace in the field of technological change, firms feel the need of adopting organizational change. Change not includes changes in the products and services of the company but also it includes the change of the management structure of the organization. However, it can be seen that management innovation is responsible in bringing a potential change within the organizational context by redefining the industry while influencing development of new ideas that is initiated by development of leadership. Seo et al. (2012) stated that the executives and managers of different levels of management in an organization are ready to accept change in order to improve the organizational performance. A research has been conducted among different employees of same organizations. Authors found that there is a longitudinal relationship between employee commitment, behavioral responses and affective experiences. In this study, transformational leadership is focused for initiating organizational change. Transformational leadership helps in shaping the behavior, commitment and affective reactions of the employees at the initial phase. Apart from that, theoretical frameworks of leadership are also implemented in the organizational purposes. On the other hand, Carter et al. (2013) has focuses on the transformational leadership that enhance the organizational citizenship behavior and task performance of the employees. Organizational change is a vital requirement in order to differ the image of the company in the competitive business world. The daily challenge in meeting the competitive needs of the market along with the demands of the market can be eliminated by implementing organizational change through transformational leadership. Managerial effectiveness can be reached by developing transformational leadership within the organizational context. According to Dinh et al. (2014) leadership theories and related frameworks are responsible for bringing change in the behavior and minds of the employees in accepting the change. The dramatic increase of the competitiveness in the market is not only limited to products and services but also to human resource capabilities of the company. The article describes about the implementation of the leadership theory of transformational leadership and global leadership practices all over the world. As stated by Schneider et al. (2013) organizational climate is related by organizational culture. Organizational culture is the culture that is created by the people working in the company i.e. the bundles of experience experienced by people. However, not only the people associated in the company develop leadership, but also it is depended on the organizational culture. The behaviors of the leaders of the organization are framed accordingly with the organizational culture. Situational leadership is the best form of leadership in this perspective. It is the best form that can be responsible for organizational change. On the other hand, Wong and Laschinger (2013) stated that empowerment is defined as job satisfaction, performance and authentic leadership. Authors stated that leadership is depended on many external factors also such as declining economy, advancement in technology and changes in government funding. All these activities are responsible for creating an impact on the empowerment. However, it can be said that the role of empowerment is depended on effective leadership. Similarly, organizational change is responsible for effective form of leadership practiced by the leaders in the organization. The authentic leaders of the organizations are the facilitator of higher quality relationship that leads to active engagement of employees. According to Griffin and Hu (2013), leaders of organizations motivate in the perspective of safety participation and safety compliance. The leaders of the organizations are in support of the LMX theory of leadership and transformational leadership theory. It is seen that these theories are responsible for removing the hindrances of the accepting the organizational change from the minds of the people. The theories of transformational leadership and LMX leadership also enhance safety participation and safety performance. Research has been conducted about the impact of safe working environment in the context of organizational change. As stated by Colbert et al. (2014), leadership and top team management team personality are responsible for the enhancement of organizational effectiveness. Organizational effectiveness can be attained by the effective practice of change management in the strategic management department of the organizations. Indicators of organizational performance can be lagged by lack of conscientiousness of CEO. However, it can be said that the collective organizational commitment is responsible for financial indicators. Scholars of management have been researched about the fact that the top management teams of the organizations are only responsible for practicing transformational leadership in the organization. On the contrary, Hollen et al. (2013) has pointed out the fact that management innovation in the inter-organizational perspective. Authors stated that the manufacturing firms and the service industry is focusing on improving the environmental performance and resource productivity by improving technological aspects. The leaders of these organizations face Intra organizational tensions while supporting the aspect of innovation in the management of the company. Manufacturing companies are merging the theory of management innovation with leadership theories while mitigating the competitiveness of the dynamics of the environment. Resource productivity along with the development of leadership is complementary with each other. As per Wiewiora et al. (2013), organizational culture have proven to be a reason for long term success of organizations. Apart from that organization culture have a direct impact on the leaders that are practicing leadership in the organizations. Authors pointed out that the Australian organizations are very focused to the Australian organizational culture. Influence of organizational culture is described in the context of project based organizations. Organization culture is also prevalent in these type organizations in formulating any types of strategies for organizational change. Leadership and knowledge management are the aspects that go side by side. As stated by Uzkurt et al. (2013), organizations of banking sector are putting emphasis on organizational culture that indirectly improve the firms performance. However, innovation and advancement of technologies have direct impact on enhancing the productivity of the companies i.e. banks. In the article, authors have focused on the relationship between organization culture and leadership facilities. Banking sector of Turkey focuses on the culture of the organization first on the development of leadership. Leadership and management innovation among the organizational leaders is proven to enhance the customer service ability of the employees of the bank. According to Lopez et al. (2013), proactive motivation and transformational leadership is responsible for the antecedent of the change oriented behavior of the organization. A general framework of proactive motivation is discussed in the article that will influence the dimension of individual consideration of transformation leadership. Organizational citizenship behavior is defined as a multidimensional construct where various facets of discretionary behavior that are not directly related to the job content behaviors. Transformational leadership categorize the affiliative dimensions of the behaviors of OCB in a way so that they can promote existing arrangements or relationships between the work and group cohesion. As stated by Real et al. (2014) entrepreneurial orientation and organizational learning have moderate effects on the development of leadership in terms of organizational change. The concept of entrepreneurship is related to the development of leadership and development in the organization. Knowledge creation is related to the development of leadership behavior. The article focuses on the entrepreneurial orientation in the small medium enterprises more than that of the big multinational organizations. Apart from that, it is seen that these organizations usually follow situational leadership in order to proceed with strategies of organizational change management. It is a positive aspect that enhances the organizational performance. As stated by Eisenbei and Boerner (2013), individual creativity and transformational leadership are considered as double-edged sword. Transformational leadership influences the performance of the followers of the leaders of the enterprises. Transformational leadership results in grooming the individual. This enhances the creativity as well as the personality of the employees. Quality of work is improved. It also enhances the creativity of the employees that leads to improved performance of the company as a whole. Charismatic leadership and transformational leadership have very much common in it that is also prevalent among the leaders of organizations. The executives of different levels are allowed to portray their leadership skills in their respective fields of work. However, one negative aspect of transformational leadership is over dependency of the employees to their leaders. According to Millar et al. (2012), transformational vision and organizational change is responsible for the sustainable development of the organizations. Sustainability is the key area that is being practiced by both big multinational giants as well as small medium enterprises. in the article, authors described sustainability as the environmental movement that highlights the corporate social responsibilities of the companies in terms of community development. It is the result of organizational change that is initiated by transformational vision of the organizations. It also builds a strong corporate image in the community along with strong brand reputation (Jacobs et al. 2013). As per Kuipers et al. (2014), change management in public organizations is quite different from private organizations. Intervention of external environment is more prevalent in the public organizations more than that of private organizations. Change management is a constant process that helps in mitigating the demands of the customers as well as the market changes. Leadership of the leaders of these organizations is also considered as the factor influencing the organizational change. Leaders play an imperative role in bringing change in the employees. They motivate the employees while enhances the productivity of the organization. According to van den Heuvel et al. (2013), organizational change is responsible for the development organizations not only in terms of organizational structure but also in terms of productivity. Authors have described about various theoretical frameworks of organizational change management. Companies can implement the theory of Lewins change management model in terms of implementing different aspects of changes in the particular departments of the operations. The employee level constructs in the three phases such as unfreeze, transition and refreeze. Adaptation of changes means adaptation in terms of employee adaptability in managing the transitions of work in the organizational context (Dunn et al. 2012). On the contrary, Wallance et al. (2013) stated that the front line employees of the banks are critical in terms of brand success, as they are the people who are interacting with the customers coming in the bank. Leadership in the banks encourage the bankers and the front line employees so that they can improve their customer service skills and the brand supporting behaviour with the context of service encounters. Authors have described the nature of commitment of the employees in terms of banking and differentiation between normative commitment and continuance. Committed employees are proven to build a brand for the bank in terms of service encounter (Santhidran et al. 2013). As stated by Kissi et al. (2013) transformational leadership has a significant role in building the portfolio of the managers while describing the project performance. Competing with the market needs and meeting the expectations and demands of the clients is the main area of focus of the project managers. In the article, authors have found that transformational leadership of the portfolio managers are found to create a significant and positive relationship in terms of performance of the project. However, it helps the portfolio managers in highlighting the need for exploration of different types of activities while improving the performance of the project (Choudhary et al. 2014). Conclusion The study describes about the critical review of the literature review of the topic role of leadership in organizational change. Different authors have pointed out their views regarding the different forms of leadership in the organizational context. However, it can be pointed out that organizational change is the trend that every type of organizations is ready to accept while creating a dominant position in the marketplace. Innovation of technology and in the competitive business world companies are constantly fighting with each other in terms of product development and improved customer service. There are different forms of leadership such as democratic leadership, autocratic leadership, participative leadership, transformational leadership, etc. Among these forms of leadership, most of the authors of the journal articles have supported the theory of transformational leadership in driving excellence in the organizational change. References Cameron, E. and Green, M., 2015.Making sense of change management: a complete guide to the models, tools and techniques of organizational change. Kogan Page Publishers. 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